Help for Celiacs and Gluten-Sensitive!

Celiac disease has a strong genetic component. It is considered to have a multifactorial inheritance pattern, meaning that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development.

The primary genetic risk factor associated with celiac disease is the presence of certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, specifically the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes. These genes are found on chromosome 6. Approximately 95% of individuals with celiac disease carry the HLA-DQ2 gene, while most of the remaining individuals carry the HLA-DQ8 gene. However, it's important to note that the presence of these genes does not guarantee the development of celiac disease, as many individuals with these genes do not develop the condition.

Having a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) with celiac disease increases an individual's risk of developing the condition. The risk is estimated to be around 10% for first-degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease. Additionally, certain variants in non-HLA genes have been associated with an increased risk of celiac disease, although their individual contributions to disease susceptibility are generally smaller compared to the HLA genes.

While genetics plays a significant role in celiac disease, it is not the sole determining factor. Environmental factors, such as exposure to gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye), are necessary for the disease to manifest in genetically predisposed individuals. Other factors, such as the timing of gluten introduction during infancy and the composition of gut bacteria, are also believed to influence the development of celiac disease.

It's important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a gastroenterologist or genetic counselor, to better understand the genetic factors and risk associated with celiac disease, especially if you have a family history of the condition or if you're concerned about your own risk.